
Shapur I was the second Sasanian King of Persia. He ruled from 240 to 270 AD. He waged war against the Roman Empire, advancing as far as Roman Syria and in the process capturing and executing the Roman Emperor Valerian. Shapur never aimed at permanent occupation of the Eastern Roman provinces, although he plundered an enormous booty of treasure and slaves. He later suffered setbacks against Odaenathus, the king of Palmyra, who, loyal to the Roman Empire, reclaimed for Rome all the territory lost to Shapur I.